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Hard carbon is a solid form of carbon that cannot be converted to graphite by heat-treatment, even at temperatures as high as 3000°C. It is also known as char, or non-graphitizing carbon. More colloquially it can be described as charcoal. Hard carbon is produced by heating carbonaceous precursors to approximately 1000°C in the absence of oxygen. Among the precursors for hard carbon are polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), lignin and sucrose. Other precursors, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and petroleum coke, produce soft carbon, or graphitizing carbon. Soft carbon can be readily converted to graphite by heating to 3000°C. Hard carbon is currently the mainstream anode material route for sodium batteries. The commonly used hard carbon precursors are mainly bio-based, such as moso bamboo, coconut shell, starch, walnut shell, etc. At the same time, chemical raw materials such as anthracite, pitch, and phenolic resin can also be used. Synthetic polymer precursors such as phenolic resins are also included.

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Hard carbon is a solid form of carbon that cannot be converted to graphite by heat-treatment, even at temperatures as high as 3000°C. It is also known as char, or non-graphitizing carbon. More colloquially it can be described as charcoal. Hard carbon is produced by heating carbonaceous precursors to approximately 1000°C in the absence of oxygen. Among the precursors for hard carbon are polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), lignin and sucrose. Other precursors, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and petroleum coke, produce soft carbon, or graphitizing carbon. Soft carbon can be readily converted to graphite by heating to 3000°C. Hard carbon is currently the mainstream anode material route for sodium batteries. The commonly used hard carbon precursors are mainly bio-based, such as moso bamboo, coconut shell, starch, walnut shell, etc. At the same time, chemical raw materials such as anthracite, pitch, and phenolic resin can also be used. Synthetic polymer precursors such as phenolic resins are also included.

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According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Biomass Hard Carbon Anode Precursor market size was valued at USD million in 2023 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2030 with a CAGR of % during review period.

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The global Hard Carbon Anode Precursor Materials market size is expected to reach $ million by 2030, rising at a market growth of % CAGR during the forecast period (2024-2030).

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The global Sodium Battery Hard Carbon Anode Precursor market size is expected to reach $ million by 2030, rising at a market growth of %CAGR during the forecast period (2024-2030).

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According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Sodium Battery Hard Carbon Anode Precursor market size was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2030 with a CAGR of %during review period.

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The global Lithium Battery Hard Carbon Anode Precursor market size is expected to reach $ million by 2030, rising at a market growth of %CAGR during the forecast period (2024-2030).

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According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Lithium Battery Hard Carbon Anode Precursor market size was valued at US$ million in 2023 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD million by 2030 with a CAGR of %during review period.

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The global Hard Carbon Anode Precursor market size is expected to reach $ 7285.6 million by 2029, rising at a market growth of 6.0% CAGR during the forecast period (2023-2029).

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According to our (Global Info Research) latest study, the global Hard Carbon Anode Precursor market size was valued at USD 4836.1 million in 2022 and is forecast to a readjusted size of USD 7285.6 million by 2029 with a CAGR of 6.0% during review period.

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